Abstract article references

Clause9 allows you to easily create automatic cross-references to other parts of your document. However, there are a few situations when you want to refer in an abstract way to an “article” or “section” of your document. Examples:

The buyer shall buy the assets in the manner set forth in the articles above.

or

The articles of this contract shall be construed in accordance with …

You may be tempted to hard-code the word “articles” here. However, this may impede reusability, as some lawyers will want to use the word “section”, “paragraph”, or perhaps an abbreviation such as “art.”, or perhaps a word that always has a starting capital.

Clause9 allows you to instead use a special expression, that will output in accordance with the styling settings found under “References”.

The special expression essentially consists of the word “article” (for singular) or “articles” (for plural), but actually depends on the language:

Language	Singular	Plural
Bulgarian	__клауза_	__клаузи_
Czech	_bod_	_body_
Danish	_klausul_	_klausuler_
Dutch	_artikel_	_artikels_
English	_article_	_articles_
Estonian	_klausel_	_klauslid_
Finnish	_lauseke_	_lausekkeet_
French	_article_	_articles_
German	_artikel_	_artikeln_
Hungarian	_záradék_	_záradékok_
Italian	_clausola_	_clausole_
Latvian	_klauzula_	_klauzulas_
Lithuanian	_straipsnis_	_straipsniai_
Norwegian	_klausulen_	_klausulene_
Polish	_klauzula_	_klauzule_
Portuguese	_cláusula_	_cláusulas_
Romanian	_clauza_	_clauzele_
Russian	_пункт_	_пункты_
Slovak	_doložka_	_doložky_
Slovenian	_klavzula_	_klavzuli_
Spanish	_cláusula_	_cláusulas_
Swedish	_klausul_	_klausulerna_

By default, the word will be outputted with a defined article (no pun intended), but this can be modulated in the same way as concepts. For example, for English, assuming the styling setting is set to “Section”:

• default: _article_ is outputted as “the section”, while _articles_ is outputted as “the sections”

• omitting: _-article_ is outputted as “section”, while _-articles_ is outputted as “sections”

• undefined: _?article_ is outputted as “a section”, while _?articles°_ is outputted as “sections”

• this: _°article_ is outputted as “this section”, while _°articles_ is outputted as “these sections”

For the sake of consistency or clarity, you can also use _+article_ or _+articles_, but it will have exactly the same output as the default _article_ / _articles_.

Caveat

The _article_ expression can be useful in a few very specific circumstances. However, its use cases are actually fairly limited:

• Please do not use it to hard-code references to other parts of your document — e.g. when you would be tempted to write ... as set forth in _-article_ 13.5 to refer to some article 13.5 in your document, you will almost certainly want to use real cross-references instead.

• Please do not use it to refer to articles/sections/clauses of external material, such as legislation, as the word that will be outputted will then change in accordance with a user’s styling preferences.

  For example, European Directives and Regulations are typically numbered as “articles”. If you need to refer to the part of the EU General Data Protection Regulation that lists all the definition, please do not say ... as defined in _-article 4_ of the GPDR ..., as this could get outputted as “… as defined in Section 4 of the GDPR”, depending on a user’s styling preferences. This is one of the few areas where you really need to hard-code your reference, by simply stating .... as defined in article 4 of the GDPR...